According to Judi Bari, after the rally in Fort Bragg, the Santa Rosa Press Democrat, which had hitherto provided the most balanced coverage of Redwood Summer among the corporate media (as opposed to being primarily dismissive or even hostile) declared the season of protests “over” and joined the other publications and broadcast outfits in ignoring it as much as possible, even though the number of actions and related occurrences actually increased.[1] Corporate Timber had not distinguished themselves, even in the eyes of the corporate media during the day’s events in Fort Bragg, looking far more like the thugs and outside agitators that they really were instead of Earth First!, who was so often accused of being composed of thugs and outside agitators. Attempting to save face, Georgia Pacific took out full page advertisements in several local community and corporate newspapers in the form of a letter on G-P stationary from Dewey Mobely, vice president of G-P’s Western Wood Products Manufacturing Division, which began:
“To the Residents of Fort Bragg and Mendocino County:
“We at Georgia-Pacific say thank you to everyone on the North Coast who supported us and the community during the 'Redwood Summer' demonstration July 21, in Fort Bragg. We can all be proud of the way our community calmly and reasonably dealt with the outside demonstrators.”[2]
The “letter” went on to praise officials of Fort Bragg and Mendocino County for “their part in dealing with this tense situation,” and the over 400 law-enforcement personnel for their “thorough planning and level-headed professionalism,” in protecting the downtown businesses and their 700 employees. One may well have asked Mobley, “from what?!?” as the record clearly shows that the only people preaching and practicing divisiveness and violence were their own supporters. Yet, Mobley sanitized their contact and concluded the text of the advertisement with:
“We give special thanks to the organizers and participants in the Community Solidarity rally. Your efforts showed the national media—and the nation—that there is another side to the issue. You all helped to tell the real timber story and to underline the economic importance of forest products for everyone.
“Georgia-pacific is proud to be a part of the Ft. Bragg community. And we intend to remain a part of this community far into the future.”[3]
Redwood Summer organizers were incensed by what they regarded as blatant propagandizing. Anna Marie Stenberg declared, “In the context of everything that transpired, everything they did before and after, a lot of people saw it as deceitful and derogatory.” [4] Deciding to fight fire with fire, the Greens came up with their own ad which parodied the corporate version. Theirs read:
“To the timber corporations:
“We at Redwood Summer say thank you to everyone at Georgia-Pacific, Louisiana-Pacific, and Maxxam Corporations. We can all be proud of the way your outside corporations calmly and efficiently are deforesting our local woodlands.
“Redwood Summer recognizes the efforts of your companies. With thorough planning and level-headed professionalism, you are removing as many trees and jobs as quickly as possible.
“We give special thanks to chief executive officers T. Marshall Hahn, Harry Merlo, and Charles Hurwitz. Your forest liquidation efforts show the nation just how greedy you are. You have helped to tell the real timber story and to underline the economic importance of deforestation to everyone.
“Redwood Summer is proud to be a part of this community. And we intend to remain a part of the community far into the future.”[5]
The “letter” was signed “Redwood Summer”, and, whereas the GP advertisement had the company’s logo on its letterhead, the Redwood Summer letter had a redwood sprig in its place. It also had a half-page photograph depicting one of G-P’s devastating Mendocino County clearcuts. G-P’s Western Wood Products Operations public relations director, David Odgers, was not amused, claiming that the original ad was very carefully worded “not to stir up issues.” Odgers elaborated, “It demeans what was a very sincere feeling of appreciation to the community…It’s difficult to respond to this kind of negative information without getting drawn in.” Odgers stated that he was disappointed, but not surprised by the Redwood Summer organizers’ response, yet he also noted that G-P was contributing to the campaign ads against Forests Forever (the very same that continued to insist that it was “the Earth First! initiative”), declaring, “We’re going to stick to the facts and issues, and talk about the type of people behind the issue and what their motives are.” L-P’s Shep Tucker, whose company had published similar ads following the Redwood Summer demonstration at Samoa and continued to regularly publish similar ads touting their “good neighborliness” argued that the Redwood Summer ad only added fuel to the proverbial fire. “It’s out of line; it only polarizes people,” opined Tucker. Tucker conceded that the company’s paid radio ads against Proposition 130 might also be seen as “pretty negative” by its supporters.[6]
Odgers’ and Tuckers’ statements were all too typical examples of Orwellian distortions of reality. Both knew perfectly well that the vast majority of Redwood Summer’s organizers lived in Mendocino, Humboldt, and Sonoma Counties, and yet the ad referred to “outside demonstrators”. Meanwhile G-P’s President, T. Marshall Hahn, ran the company from Atlanta, Georgia and—like most corporations, siphoned the profits (and many of the jobs) out of the community. Merlo had already set up operations in Mexico and Siberia. Hurwitz ran Maxxam from Houston, Texas. Both also knew perfectly well that Forests Forever was not “the Earth First! Initiative”, and yet they admitted both companies were paying for ads that referred to it as such. Finally, the Yellows were not adverse to bringing in their share of “outsiders” such as the Sahara Club, Lyndon LaRouche’s New federalists, or the Mountain States Legal Foundation. Sincerity was a matter of perspective. Tucker even admitted that “It’s not about education; It’s about getting more votes than the other guy. When it’s all over, we won’t have learned a lot.”[7]
July 23, 1990 was an eventful day everywhere in the Redwood Empire. As mentioned in the previous chapter, Judge Luther issued a temporary restraining order against Louisiana-Pacific, preventing the latter from logging in Osprey Grove. In Eureka, at the Humboldt County Courthouse, Redwood Summer activists held a rally as the jury selection began for the forty-four demonstrators arrested at the Samoa demonstration just over one month previously. Meanwhile, the trial for the Squirrel Brothers’ affinity group[8] which had been arrested for carrying out a tree sit against Maxxam in Murrelet Grove from June 19-21, coinciding with the Samoa Rally.[9] Clear across the country, in New York City, a coalition of activists, led by New York City Earth First! staged a protest against Maxxam on Wall Street. Meanwhile, Grandparents for Old Growth conducted yet another in their series of weekly vigils in the Pacific Lumber company town of Scotia. The next day, Marin County supporters of Redwood Summer conducted yet another protest at the Pacific Lumber offices in Mill Valley.[10]
On that same day, Betty Ball noticed what looked like a bomb in the Mendocino Environmental Center in Ukiah and contacted the police, but the “bomb” turned out to be a mockup of the pipe bomb that was used in the assassination attempt of Judi Bari and Darryl Cherney.[11] This was clearly an overreaction, for which Ball later apologized profusely, but in a clear case of blaming the victim (again), in a letter to the Ukiah Daily Journal, Barry Dabosh actually suggested that Earth First! should be forced to pay for cost of the police action[12], which drew a sober response from another resident, W. J. White pointed out how absurd Dabosh’s suggestion was.[13] The Santa Rosa Press Democrat headline referred to the mockup as “a fake Earth First! bomb” rather than a “model of Bari and Cherney’s would-be assassin’s bomb”.[14] The latter title far more accurately describes to object in question than the former which may have led some to believe that Earth First! also had real bombs. Meanwhile, Judi Bari, still in a wheelchair, was moved from a rehabilitation center to a safe house. Bari was still experiencing great pain, but she began participating in the organizing of the remainder of Redwood Summer, at least in a logistical capacity.[15]
Also, on July 24, 1990, Redwood Summer demonstrators protesting P-L’s Carlotta-Fisher operation on the North Fork of Elk River Road chained themselves to two of the company’s log site gates in an effort to impede logging operations. At least fifteen[16], and possibly as many as seventeen[17] of the protesters, including three juveniles were arrested.[18] The juveniles were quickly released, but the adults were held in the Humboldt County jail in downtown Eureka at, 4th and J Streets, for six days, without any formal charges filed against them until ten of them were arraigned on Monday, July 31, 1990 at 1:00 PM, at the adjacent County courthouse. The remainder were released the next day at around 1:30 in the afternoon.[19]
Experiencing the inside of a jail cell as an arrestee is harrowing indeed. Redwood Summer activist Crystal McLaughlin, who was arrested in conjunction with the campaign to defend Osprey Grove from L-P’s attempt to clear cut it described her experience to the Mendocino Country Environmentalist in vivid detail:
“When we first went into the main jail area, we were “locked down” in our own rooms (separately) for 24 hours, due to some supposed misconduct by our colleagues (whom we didn’t know). We were given jail jumpsuits and allowed to take 5-minute showers. After the lock down was over, we were allowed to go to the bathroom freely, browse the books, and make phone calls.
“The jail seemed to be understaffed or at least unorganized, since only one of us was being booked at a time. Or was this simply another delay / frustration tactic that the jailers use? I remember standing behind the glass, feeling very alone, trying to catch someone’s (anyone’s) eye, and feeling sure that I was either invisible or at least no more relevant to them than an animal in a cage. Not one would even meet my eye.
“I quickly began to feel that it was pointless to try to be friendly only to get stabbed in the back the next moment by some comment—‘Oh, she’s real cute’ ‘this is one of those tree-sitting assholes’ so I agreed with myself to be nothing more than neutral from then on. Were these people envious of our lives or the strength of our convictions, or were they motivated by misery, guilt, or sheer meanness? I’ll never know.
“After about 30 minutes of waiting to be booked, I asked to go to the bathroom. I was taken around the counter, through the office, and into about a 6’x6’ room with a toilet, a sink. a plastic covered mattress on the floor, and a window which looked out into the hall. The door was locked behind me, and the light turned off. After I finished, I knocked on the door, assuming I would be let out and returned to the booking room. I heard someone say “just leave her in there” so I knocked louder.
“Two jailers came to the window and yelled at me in a very threatening and mean way ‘just sit down and shut up—you’re not getting out.’ I said, ‘you can’t just lock me in a dark bathroom for no reason,’ The reply was, ‘just shut up, or we’ll put you in restraints.’ I wasn’t completely sure what that meant, but I didn’t like the sound of it, so I sat down and tried to relax, even though my heart was pounding as if it would burst.
“I was in there for over an hour, and it was only ‘explained’ to me later that that bathroom was the ‘detox’ room (I was not intoxicated) and that it was cooler in there and they were trying to be ‘nice,’ though in reality I noticed no difference between that and the booking room.”[20]
McLaughlin was convinced that the staff of the jail had deliberately lied to her and that this was routine practice. She described several similar practices:
“Another game these jailers play is loudly dropping office ‘gossip’ around the prisoners. I ‘over-heard,’ for example, that all the male prisoners had cited out, and that those who refused to give their names would be transferred from the jail to prison. Don’t listen to it!
“‘When I was being fingerprinted for the third time, the jailer purposefully smeared my print, then blamed me for it, as an excuse to yell at me, jerk me around, and pinch my fingers very tightly. I was told to clean my hands, after which I was fingerprinted again for the fourth time. When I asked why, I got an answer designed to make me feel stupid. A strip search, as well as numerous delays, interruptions, and confusion in the booking process, only added to the humiliation.
“‘The food is tolerable (or was I just real hungry?) though as a vegetarian, I had to pick the ham off my salad and forego to main entree (spaghetti w/meat sauce) altogether (vegetarian requests are ignored).
“‘None of these things is meant to scare anyone away from jail. In fact I encourage more people to do Civil Disobedience this summer and always. Jail isn’t a concentration camp, I didn’t get the shit beat out of me, but hey, it isn’t much fun either.”[21]
The experience of four of the Humboldt arrestees makes McLaughlin’s account look like a cakewalk by comparison. While they were in jail, just after their arrests on July 24, activists Michael Mulhall of Santa Cruz, Jayme Bozzwell of Chico, Stephen Brady of Concord, and Gary Wilhelm, all of whom had dreadlocks, had their heads forcibly shaven by the sheriff’s deputies.[22] Two of them also had their beards shorn.[23] Sheriff’s Deputy Sintic—whose father Jim Sintic was a captain in the department and is in charge of jail investigations—apparently hatched the idea, and was assisted by Deputies Figas and Folkman.[24] Jail staff, acting without any medical verification, had decided that four needed to be shaved for protection against head lice, which the quartet denied having[25]. Mulhall attempted to resist peacefully, to which the officers responded with abusive treatment. According to Redwood Summer organizer Tracy Katelman:
“Mulhall nonviolently sat down to resist the shaving, and the officers started punching him in the kidneys, and then they grabbed him with a chokehold around his neck and he could barely breathe. He was screaming to be examined by a physician and they flipped him over, smashed his face against the floor, dug their knees into his right calf and finally jacked up his arms and handcuffed him as tight as they could. He still has no feeling in his right thumb and massive bruises to his upper left arm and hand.”[26]
While thus held, Mulhall’s head was forcibly shaven by an inmate barber.[27] Boswell insisted that he was never even examined for lice before his head was shaven, and was merely given a choice of “doing it the easy way or the hard way”. Boswell decided not to resist but was nevertheless outraged. Stephen Brady likewise felt “angry, humiliated, and mutiliated,” and he also claimed that he was never examined by a medical professional, and that the cutting of his hair was discussed well before anyone mentioned checking the heads of the four for lice.[28]
Sheriff’s spokeswoman Leona Mendenhall claimed that each of the fifteen arrestees—not just the four dreadlocked men—had been checked and each was determined to have lice (or so the jail medical staff claimed), yet none of the other eleven had their heads shaved. Said Mendhendall, “This is something we have done in the past and we will continue to do, unless it’s ruled illegal. It’s really no big deal, we’re really kind of surprised that anybody made a fuss over it.”[29] Jail Spokeswoman Shelia Rotbergs claimed that the nurse on duty had reported visually spotting lice on one or more of the four arrestees, and that shaving was standard procedure if shampoo proved ineffective. Undersheriff Tom Heilmann claimed that inmates had also reported spotting lice, though he couldn’t provide any physical evidence because the hair clippings had since been destroyed.[30] Sheriff David Renner declared, “It’s unfortunate that someone would criticize us for doing this out of some secret motive of some kind. In this case the hair was so badly infested, knotted, and unwashable that there was no way to get any critters out of their hair.”[31]
Five demonstrators conducting a vigil outside the jail shaved their own heads in protest.[32] One of these, Karissa Durr of Berkeley, was arrested, on July 27, for holding up a sign, visible to the four victims, which read “We love you!” Fellow self-shorn protester, Larry Hildes of Chicago would likely have also been arrested except for the fact that he had crossed the street to use a pay telephone to contact the Arcata Action Center to alert them to the arrests. “We were singing This Land is Your Land when three officers came out swinging their handcuffs and informed us that were illegally communicating with prisoners.” Durr was indeed booked on this charge and then later released on her own recognizance.[33]
The justification for the head shaving offered by the officers didn’t hold any water either. According to Jennifer Biegel:
"According to the Santa Rosa Press Democrat, head shaving is not even considered an option in other Northern California jails. The Humboldt County Sheriffs Dept. has not shaved a singled person in custody for lice over the last six months; however, four male redwood summer protesters with long hair arrived and were forcibly shaven upon being taken into custody, this reeks of 1960’s-style political harassment.”[34]
The Eureka Times-Standard supported this conclusion, noting that none of five other county jails they surveyed had such a policy. Dave Hoffman, a nearby Lake County correctional officer declared, “We couldn’t do that. There are people that would rather die than have their heads shaved.”[35]
To the Redwood Summer organizers and activists, this was clearly an example of the “Mississippi” style “justice” that they had warned about. [36] “These individuals, charged with nothing more than a misdemeanor, are being held in jail for a week or more before, in most cases, even being assigned an attorney. This is absurd!” declared Katelman.[37] Many agreed, including the American Civil Liberties Union, which conducted an independent investigation of the incident.[38] Attorney Mark Harris, who had been advising the jailed protestors declared:
“None of the individuals forcibly shaved had been examined for lice by medical personnel was when a woman stood across from them and asked them to stand and turn around. She then told the guards to shave each man that had long hair. This treatment is obviously political harassment. There’s a lot of hostility towards protestors in this county jail from officers and from other inmates. The forcible head shavings appear to be part of a pattern of retaliation and discriminatory harassment based upon their affiliation with Redwood Summer.”[39]
On July 26, while returning home from representing the arrestees and participating in a rally at the courthouse, attorney Mark Harris was forced off of a road by someone driving a logging truck near Eureka. The attorney filed a complaint with the police. According to Harris, “I was at the rally (wearing) a suit, so I suppose I stood out and was easy to remember.”[40] Clearly this, the arrest of Durr, and the head shaving were cases of intimidation, and it added further credence to the claim, made by Redwood Summer demonstrators, that the County took its marching orders from Maxxam. Once again, Gary Cox’s words about class struggle rang true, and once again, Earth First!ers followed in the footsteps of the IWW (for better or for worse). Maxxam’s enablers, naturally, blamed the protesters. Reactionary Humboldt County Supervisor Harry Pritchard for a long time maintained that the deputies “did nothing wrong.”[41] His somewhat more liberal fellow Supervisor Wesley Chesbro told Redwood Summer nonviolence coordinator Tom O’Neil that he felt that the Sheriff’s Department was using the treatments as a “deterrent” and that the situation in the County was “a war”.[42]
For those that opposed Redwood Summer, it seemed, there was no straw at which they wouldn’t clutch. At least a half dozen local critics of Redwood Summer took the opportunity to have a laugh at the four victims’ expense. For example, Bridgeville resident Keith Ritter expressed mock horror that the head shavings would deprive “spotted lice of their old growth habitat.”[43] Fortuna local Jim James likewise satirically denounced the Humboldt jail staff for wiping out what “could have been the last remaining genetically pure strand of head-lice in existence.[44] Arcata resident B.J. Metcalf scorned the arrestees accusations that their civil rights had been violated by the head shaving by asking, “what about the rights of other inmates and personnel to be ‘free’ of the lice?”[45] One wonders whether or not Metcalf would have actually given a damn about the rights of any inmate unless it gave them a chance to somehow excoriate Redwood Summer participants or other political “undesirables”. Wanda Lee of Eureka suggested that anyone who objected to the head shaving should come in shampoo the hair of the arrestees themselves.[46] The comments about “spotted lice” and “old growth” hair abruptly ceased, however, when Redway resident Ellen Taylor, who was a medic and examined the four arrestees after their release established that none of them had lice and none of them had been examined for lice. She also pointed out that hair removal was neither an established nor an effective treatment for the removal of them.[47]
The treatment of the demonstrators as well as the attack on Mark Harris’ was part of a continuing pattern of violence against dissidents in northwestern California, and in the days that followed the rally and counterdemonstration in Fort Bragg, incidents of such violence increased. The day before Harris had been run off the road, a Point Arena forest activist—who had attended the Redwood Summer rally in Fort Bragg—and his family were woken up by the sound of a gunshot through the window of their home.[48] On July 27, 1990, a man who lived in Briceland was attacked in his car by a group of teenagers whom the man identified as sons of timber workers. His car windows and headlamps were smashed out by the attackers. The next day, Mark Wright, a Redwood Summer demonstrator from Texas, was kidnapped from a bar in Garberville (only a few miles east of Briceland), beaten, stripped, and left lying unconscious in a pool of blood by three younger men.[49] Although these could very well have been examples of frightened reactionaries (or the adolescent children thereof) acting out of frustration, they may have been connected to more sinister elements, such as Mothers’ Watch, WECARE, TEAM, the Stompers, or the Sahara Club. Even if the incidents weren’t directly connected to the heads of the timber industry, the latter was most definitely responsible for creating the hostile climate that currently existed. After all, MSLF talking head William Perry Pendley (speaking on behalf of the timber bosses) had declared that this was “war” (a term that even liberal government officials such as Chesbro had uncritically accepted) and stated, “It is not enough to defend; we must go on the offensive.”[50] And yet, Georgia-pacific called this conduct “level-headed and professional”. One wonders what hot-headed and unprofessional looked like in their eyes.
Notes:
[1] “1990: A Year in the Life of Earth First!”, by Judi Bari, Anderson Valley Advertiser, January 2,1991.
[2] “Thanks to all of you from all of us at Georgia Pacific”, paid advertisement, various publications, including Eureka Times-Standard, North Coast News, Santa Rosa Press Democrat, Ukiah Daily Journal, and Willits News., various dates, August 1990.
[3] Ibid.
[4] “Final Strains of Redwood Summer to be Played Out Through Media”, by Judy Nichols, North Coast News, September 6, 1990.
[5] “Thanks from all of us to all of you at GP, LP, & MAXXAM”, various publications, August 1990.
[6] “Final Strains of Redwood Summer to be Played Out Through Media”, by Judy Nichols, North Coast News, September 6, 1990.
[7] “Final Strains of Redwood Summer to be Played Out Through Media”, by Judy Nichols, North Coast News, September 6, 1990.
[8] “Redwood Summer Timeline”, by Karen Pickett, Earth First! Journal, Samhain / November 1, 1990; and Richard Johnson, Mendocino Country Environmentalist, various issues from June 1, 1990 – October 1. 1990.
[9] “Protesters Meet Violence”, by Squirrel Brendan, Country Activist, August 1990.
[10] “Redwood Summer Timeline”, by Karen Pickett, Earth First! Journal, Samhain / November 1, 1990; and Richard Johnson, Mendocino Country Environmentalist, various issues from June 1, 1990 – October 1. 1990.
[11] “’Bomb’ Turns Out to be Model”, by Lois O’Rourke, Ukiah Daily Journal, July 24, 1990.
[12] “Make Earth First! Pay”, letter to the editor by Barry Dabosh, Ukiah Daily Journal, July 31, 1990.
[13] “Don’t Blame the Messenger”, letter to the editor by W. J. White, Ukiah Daily Journal, August 5, 1990.
[14] “Fake Earth First! Bomb Exploded by Police”, by Bleys W. Rose, Santa Rosa Press Democrat, July 24, 1990.
[15] “Redwood Summer Timeline”, by Karen Pickett, Earth First! Journal, Samhain / November 1, 1990; and Richard Johnson, Mendocino Country Environmentalist, various issues from June 1, 1990 – October 1. 1990.
[16] “15 in Jail After Redwood Summer PALCO Protest”, by Richard Mann, Humboldt Beacon and Fortuna Advance, July 26, 1990.
[17] “17 Arrested in Eureka at Earth First! Logging Protest”, AP Wire, Ukiah Daily Journal, July 25, 1990
[18] “Redwood Summer Timeline”, by Karen Pickett, Earth First! Journal, Samhain / November 1, 1990; and Richard Johnson, Mendocino Country Environmentalist, various issues from June 1, 1990 – October 1. 1990.
[19] “Redwood Summer Activists Finally Get Arraigned: Further Evidence of Harassment Surfaces”, AVA News Services, Anderson Valley Advertiser, August 1, 1990 and Earth First! Journal, Lugnasadh / August 1, 1990.
[20] “‘This is Jail…” by Crystal McLaughlin, Mendocino Country Environmentalist, August 1, 1990.
[21] “‘This is Jail…” by Crystal McLaughlin, Mendocino Country Environmentalist, August 1, 1990.
[22] “Jailers Shear Heads of Three Demonstrators”, Eureka Times-Standard, July 25, 1990. Obviously this publication didn’t research the incident very carefully.
[23] “No Head Lice Present, Shaved Inmates Claim”, by Lisa Shaw, Eureka Times-Standard, August 1, 1990.
[24] “Here and There in Mendocino County”, by Bruce Anderson, Anderson Valley Advertiser, June 12, 1991.
[25] “No Head Lice Present, Shaved Inmates Claim”, by Lisa Shaw, Eureka Times-Standard, August 1, 1990.
[26] “Redwood Summer Activists Finally Get Arraigned: Further Evidence of Harassment Surfaces”, AVA News Services, Anderson Valley Advertiser, August 1, 1990 and Earth First! Journal, Lugnasadh / August 1, 1990.
[27] “Here and There in Mendocino County”, by Bruce Anderson, Anderson Valley Advertiser, June 12, 1991.
[28] “No Head Lice Present, Shaved Inmates Claim”, by Lisa Shaw, Eureka Times-Standard, August 1, 1990.
[29] “Shorn Timber Protesters Cry Foul”, by Tobias Young, Santa Rosa Press Democrat and Eureka Times-Standard, July 27, 1990.
[30] “No Head Lice Present, Shaved Inmates Claim”, by Lisa Shaw, Eureka Times-Standard, August 1, 1990.
[31] “Shorn Timber Protesters Cry Foul”, by Tobias Young, Santa Rosa Press Democrat and Eureka Times-Standard, July 27, 1990.
[32] “1990: A Year in the Life of Earth First!”, by Judi Bari, Anderson Valley Advertiser, January 2, 1991.
[33] “Demonstrator is Jailed for Showing Sign”, by Rhonda Parker, Eureka Times-Standard, July 28, 1990.
[34] “Redwood Summer Activists Finally Get Arraigned: Further Evidence of Harassment Surfaces”, AVA News Services, Anderson Valley Advertiser, August 1, 1990 and Earth First! Journal, Lugnasadh / August 1, 1990.
[35] “Shorn Timber Protesters Cry Foul”, by Tobias Young, Santa Rosa Press Democrat and Eureka Times-Standard, July 27, 1990.
[36] “Shorn Timber Protesters Cry Foul”, by Tobias Young, Santa Rosa Press Democrat and Eureka Times-Standard, July 27, 1990.
[37] “Redwood Summer Activists Finally Get Arraigned: Further Evidence of Harassment Surfaces”, AVA News Services, Anderson Valley Advertiser, August 1, 1990 and Earth First! Journal, Lugnasadh / August 1, 1990.
[38] “”ACLU Investigates Jail Head Shavings”, Eureka Times-Standard, July 26, 1990.
[39] “Redwood Summer Activists Finally Get Arraigned: Further Evidence of Harassment Surfaces”, AVA News Services, Anderson Valley Advertiser, August 1, 1990 and Earth First! Journal, Lugnasadh / August 1, 1990.
[40] “Judi Files Suit…”, Press Release reprinted in the Country Activist, August 1990; and “Redwood Summer Activists Finally Get Arraigned: Further Evidence of Harassment Surfaces”, AVA News Services, Anderson Valley Advertiser, August 1, 1990 and Earth First! Journal, Lugnasadh / August 1, 1990.
[41] “Here and There in Mendocino County”, by Bruce Anderson, Anderson Valley Advertiser, June 12, 1991.
[42] “Redwood Summer Activists Finally Get Arraigned: Further Evidence of Harassment Surfaces”, AVA News Services, Anderson Valley Advertiser, August 1, 1990 and Earth First! Journal, Lugnasadh / August 1, 1990.
[43] “Old Growth Hair Forests”, letter to the editor by Keith Ritter, Eureka Times-Standard, August 3, 1990.
[44] Letter to the editor by Jim James, various publications, including Eureka Times-Standard, August 4, 1990 (“Head Lice and Prehistoric Times”); and Humboldt Beacon and Fortuna Advance, August 9, 1990 (“Shaven Hair Could Harm ‘Eco-system’”).
[45] “Freedom to be Free of Lice”, letter to the editor by B.J. Metcalf, Eureka Times-Standard, August 7, 1990.
[46] “Protesters and Head Lice”, letter to the editor by Wanda Lee, Eureka Times-Standard, August 9, 1990.
[47] “Jailed Protesters Didn’t Have Lice”, letter to the editor by Ellen Taylor, Eureka Times-Standard, August 10, 1990.
[48] “A Pattern of Violence”, by Richard Johnson, Mendocino Country Environmentalist, September 15, 1990.
[49] “Judi Files Suit…”, Press Release reprinted in the Country Activist, August 1990; “A Pattern of Violence”, by Richard Johnson, Mendocino Country Environmentalist, September 15, 1990; “Redwood Summer Timeline”, by Karen Pickett, Earth First! Journal, Samhain / November 1, 1990; and Richard Johnson, Mendocino Country Environmentalist, various issues from June 1, 1990 – October 1. 1990.
[50] “Mountain States Legal Foundation Tries to Stop RRR”, by Phil Knight, Yellow Stone Earth First!, Earth First! Journal, Lughnasadh / August 1, 1990.