As the big rally in Fort Bragg drew near, and as the Yellows planned their counterdemonstration for the same day across town, it was increasingly apparent that the day could end in a violent confrontation, or at least that is how the corporate media framed the issue. The “Community Solidarity” forces had established a large storefront on Main Street[1] in Fort Bragg, and businesses and residents were flying yellow ribbons in large numbers ostensibly to support timber jobs, though in reality what they were supporting was a desperate attempt to cling to an unsustainable status quo.[2] The Community Solidarity coalition announced that their rally would take place across town and that they would stress avoiding contact with the Redwood Summer rally or any of the demonstrators. Don Nelson declared that their event would be very similar to the June 16 barbecue and would include speakers, music, and a community picnic. Said Maribelle Anderson, “We want people to join our nonviolent rally. We don’t believe in confrontation. We want people to stay calm, keep cool heads, and stay away from Earth First!” Don Nelson emphasized that supporters of the Yellows could “come to our rally and perform in front of the camera if they want to present a positive image.”[3] The Yellow Ribbon forces not only tried to claim the role of being the defender of timber workers, they also constantly emphasized, to an absurd degree, the image of family. Maribelle Anderson defended the use of such symbolism arguing that families were indeed threatened by “extreme” measures, such as Forests Forever. No doubt attempting to appeal to the conservative mindset that, “a woman’s place is in the home”, Maribelle Anderson emphasized, “I’d rather be at home…but we need a positive way to save jobs, save our families, (and) save our community.” This angered the Redwood Summer organizers, many of whom had families of their own, including especially Anna Marie Stenberg who countered, “I’m a mom…I bake pies.”[4] She elaborated further:
“One of the things people lose sight of, is that every activist has a regular life. I have three children that I care for, a son that just turned 21 and an adopted grandfather who lives with me and a business to run. I have to feed my family and keep a roof over our heads. During that whole Redwood Summer I still had to cook three meals a day and keep my house and maintain my garden—all on very little sleep.”[5]
Judi Bari was no less incensed by the propagandizing by the Yellows, and she took a particularly dim view towards their use of the family as a symbol stating, “You know, we’re like everybody else. We have families too. What about my family, and the terror we’ve been put through? I’ve never heard the slightest bit of sympathy from these people.”[6]
Anderson also urged local businesses that had to close due to the competing rallies to hang yellow wreaths in their windows and come to the counterdemonstration on Saturday.[7] Many merchants located near the Redwood Summer protest site declined to take sides in the issue, and seemed unconcerned about the upcoming demonstrations. Cliff Larson, who owned a 24-hour “hole-in-the-wall corner store” called Gas & Grub planned to remain open, saying, “If I jave any problems, and I don’t want to deal with it, I’ll close.” Chuck and Cathy Rowbottom, who owned Fort Bragg Feed & Supply, which was located across the street from the Redwood Summer rally site at the old Holmes Lumber Yard, was aware that many of their customers were in the timber businesses. Plus, the proprietors reasoned, parking would be impossible for the latter, and so they simply chose to close their shop for the day, even though Saturdays tended to be lucrative for them. Chuck Rowbottom declared, “I think it’s just best to let them have their day and hope cooler heads prevail. I don’t consider (Redwood Summer to be) a threat; they haven’t demonstrated that they’re anything but peaceful, but I don’t think I should subject my customers to that. If it’s a fizzle, I’ll just open up.” He planned to watch the event from his shop’s roof, in the event that the crowd grew unruly or were provoked by the Yellows. Nearby Rossi’s Building Materials decided to remain open, despite the potential parking nightmares, due to the weekends also being their best business days. Mike Renzi who owned Renzi’s Auto Repair next to the protest site actually looked forward to the upcoming event. Even though he was neutral on Redwood Summer, he planned to keep his shop open, stating, “I don’t care. I think it’s going to be fun. If people have a beef, it’s worth saying. The 70s and 80s were boring, (but) now people are starting to stand up for something. I think it’s good.”[8]
Slick P.R. and compelling imagery (including especially the use of the family) were well established tools used by corporate timber, however, and the Yellow Ribbon Coalition was a well established industry front group. Their P.R. was well practiced.[9] This was evidenced by continued attempts to link Earth First! and Forests Forever. For example, at a press conference called by the Community Solidarity forces, both Maribelle Anderson and Don Nelson referred to Forests Forever as “The Earth First! Initiative”, and when one of the initiative’s actual authors, Kathy Bailey attempted to correct the record, she was told to wait until after the conclusion of the event. Nelson offered a weak defense of his continued misrepresentation arguing that it was equally dishonest to refer to the industry crafted Proposition 138 as “Big Stump.”[10] The Yellows planned to keep their office open through the November election, and use it as a base of operations in their fight against Forests Forever. [11]
The Community Solidarity Coalition also claimed that it was an independent, grassroots effort, but this was simply not the case. For all intents and purposes, the office in Fort Bragg and a good deal of the funding for the counterdemonstration came from Georgia Pacific.[12] G-P Spokesperson David Odgers, company public relations director for Western Wood Products Operations (which included the Fort Bragg mill) admitted that the corporation had contributed to the counter efforts, though they would not divulge the actual amount. Odgers declared, “We’ve fed in some support…First in volunteers from our hourly and salaried ranks for everything from carpentry to serving chicken, and second in dollars, but I don’t think we can say how much officially; and we’ve given them all of moral support we can.” Don Nelson and Maribelle Anderson wouldn’t say how much had been donated either, though Nelson did admit that between $5,000 and $6,000 had been left over from the June 16 “Solidarity” barbecue, and that G-P may have contributed “a small amount” of cash.[13] The irony of this situation is that Nelson had so vehemently opposed the donation made to the Forests Forever campaign by Hal Arbit, but he could not see the extreme conflict of interest in an alleged “pro worker” rally made by the same corporation who had substantially eliminated timber jobs in its own plant due to outsourcing and automation! It was no less ironic that IWA Local #3-469 was willing to allow Gyppo operators (whose role it was to weaken unions in the first place), like Tom Loop, or the spouses of same, such as Maribelle Anderson to make use of their union hall.[14] That the union officials were so willing to make common cause with those whose goal it was to crush unions altogether demonstrates how fully the business unions had capitulated to the capitalist system.
Many loggers were offended by G-P’s obvious attempts to manufacture artificial “grassroots” support for corporate timber practices[15], yet still there were a few G-P employees who were more than willing to campaign against their own best interests. For example, Bonnie Nelson, a painter for G-P for eleven years explained her willingness to work with the Yellows stating, “My job’s on the line…I want to keep it. My husband’s worked for 16 years at GP. I have a lot of friends who work there. They’re all worried about their jobs.” Additionally there were other workers and family members who supported the forces of reaction, also out of pervasive fear of economic collapse. These included Carletta Hollenback, whose brother and father both worked in the timber industry, whose motivations included the ability of Fort Bragg residents “to continue working as independent loggers” (as if there were any more than a few loggers who were independent of the dictates of corporate logging); and Karen Koskinen, whose husband had been a mechanic with Eastman Transportation for seventeen years. Said Koskinen, “we’re being made to look like the bad guys here…we’re as concerned about the environmental issues as the other side. Now we have two sides that are angry. I don’t see a whole lot of people willing to sit and talk.”[16] That the Greens were just as concerned about jobs as the rank and file Yellows, that they had attempted to dialog for years, and that some talks had already taken place, was apparently unknown to Koskinen, though a few words with Art Harwood would have perhaps enlightened her.[17] Claudia Frago, owner of Gift Solutions, a small business in Fort Bragg said that she had volunteered out of love for the community and their families (as if the Greens didn’t share similar concerns). Maribelle Anderson said that the Yellow Ribbon efforts had caused the community “to pull together like nothing (she’d) ever seen”.[18] One wonders where these “supporters of jobs and families” had been when L-P busted the unions, G-P had forced concessionary contracts on its workers and outsourced its loggers, and Maxxam had raided Pacific Lumber? One might task where they had been when Fortunado Reyes had died. The IWA had, at best, engaged in meek appeals to elected officials, and at worst had collaborated alongside the corporate chiefs. So far the only members of the community willing to stand in solidarity with the workers in any meaningful way had mostly been Earth First!ers!
Don Nelson’s pandering to Georgia-Pacific and the forces of corporate timber in general angered many locals, including one who declared:
“Mendocino County needs an honest union, not a “labor leader” who wastes union members’ money trying to turn neighbors into enemies, forest into scorched earth, and Redwood Summer into Redneck Summer. There’s more community solidarity than you know, Don: nobody’s going for it.”[19]
Many loggers actually recognized this, and a handful were willing to openly share their disgust with the status quo. One such lumberjack was Rick Evans, who opposed clearcutting and expressed support for the Redwood Summer rally, and when asked if he thought the Greens would have a good turnout, he responded,
“I hope so. I think things ought to change. The environmentalists are getting somewhere with all this publicity. I even heard Philbrick say that he’s not for clearcuts. Maybe he’ll put enough pressure on the big boys so they’ll stop doing them…The media pictures sure make [the environmentalists] look like scuz-bags to me. I know it’s not all people like that, but it’s the way the press is putting across Redwood Summer. I know there’s a lot of people in that movement who are good folks who just don’t want to see this disaster continue.”[20]
When queried about the large turnouts by workers at the Yellow events, Evans explained that this did not automatically translate to uncritical support for the “Community Solidarity” message:
“The big companies will make sure everybody hears about it. They’ll push it, go to the job and make sure all the gyppos know about it. There’ll be a good turnout…
“The loggers do have to speak up and state their own side so people in the community know that we do care about what’s going on. So it’s a good thing that the rally for the workers is being organized in Fort Bragg. A lot of the loggers—and the big companies promote it—think of Earth First! as a bunch of radical hippies. Especially with that bomb incident; that only gives fuel to the fire. The majority of guys I’ve talked to think that Earth First!ers were transporting explosives. I’m waiting to see what the police come up with. I’m not saying all Earth First!ers are violent…
“The big companies are not going to listen to the loggers. If you don’t cut the way they want you to, they will just get someone else to do it. Most loggers are in debt up to their eyeballs. Even if a company wanted to give a big company an ultimatum, they could lose everything they own. The big companies would just bring loggers in from the areas, like Oregon, They have in the past. I probably feel more strongly about what’s going on in the woods than most. Most loggers don’t care—well, they’re starting to care more. Earth First! is waking people up and making them wonder a little bit.”[21]
The corporate media was simply not interested in opinions such as these, however, and instead favored sensationalism which created the illusion that the divide was between timber workers and environmentalists instead of the working and employing class. They framed Redwood Summer as “an Earth First! action run by eco-terrorists” all the time neglecting to mention that Earth First! was not a terrorist gang and that Redwood Summer was a coalition effort organized by Earth First!, the Earth Action Network, the IWW, Seeds of Peace, and many others.[22]
The notion that Redwood Summer organizers and their supporters weren’t themselves working people was pure bunk, and the idea that they had no sympathy for the timber workers in their current plight was ludicrous. For example, Ellen Herrington, no stranger to blue collar factory work herself, explained her reason for supporting Redwood Summer:
“I have spent most of my life working in factories, starting at the age of 15 for 25 years. Yes, I am a little timid and scared.
“Even though I worked many 12 hour days, and sometimes two jobs, to support my children, I never got above the poverty line.
"I know personally the gut wrenching fear of not having enough money to take good care of my family.
“I have seen fellow workers harassed and fired for complaining about safety, or undermanning of very difficult jobs. I have seen pro-company employees given safer jobs, better pay, and better treatment. I was fired once for asking our Union Rep. a question about forced overtime. We had been working 60 hour weeks for two months.
“I am a woman who has spent most of her life quiet because of fear. Maybe I understand why millworkers don’t say much to support environmentalists.
“Last week changed my life. I went to nonviolent training! My eyes were opened. I can’t be quiet any longer. I believe we must demonstrate to save our old growth forests.
“You good people are saving local jobs and our children’s future.[23]
Rarely expressed were the thoughts of the local coast fishermen and where they stood on the issue. In fact—even when bombarded with an avalanche of Yellow propaganda and mostly one sided corporate news—they were sorely divided on the issue. Local fisherman and columnist Nat Bingham offered his thoughts:
“This is the community that rallied unanimously two and a half years ago to oppose offshore oil development. On that issue, we did have true solidarity. This was phenomenal. So unusual in fact, that a couple of sociologists were able to get a grant to do a study of our community compared with one in Louisiana; Apparently any time that there is an issue of environmental impact or toxics, a public hearing on the issue will bring out support for development or impact on a ratio of about 20 percent. The study is trying to find out why our North Coast community opposed oil 100 percent. The answer is simple: There was nothing in it for anyone here. Environmental concern joined hands with concern for our local economy. The result was that we got something started which may have a nationwide impact.
“Now we have an issue that, rather than uniting us, is driving us into separate camps. We ought to be ashamed of ourselves, that two and a half years after achieving unity, we have fallen into such an obvious trap…
“Caught in between are the actual forestry workers, the millworkers and the fishermen.
“In case you are wondering where the fishermen will be next Saturday, the answer is that we will be fishing. Right now the local salmon fishery is locked into a six-days-offishing, eight-days-of-no-fishing program imposed by the Pacific Fishery Management Council. July 21 falls in the middle of one of the six-day openers.
“I will tell you that, from most of the dockside conversations I’ve listened in on, the fishermen (while they well understand what the impacts of forestry on fisheries are) strongly relate to the concern for jobs and local lifestyle expressed by the solidarity folks…
"If forced to choose next Saturday, I suspect that most of us fishermen would end up at the loggers’ barbecue. Now that is a Goddamned shame that we would be put in the position of having to make that choice.
“What it seems to mean is that we have socio-economic concerns and family ties in direct conflict with long-term sustained yield issues from both the forest and the fisheries. Worse yet, everyone seems to be looking outside our community for someone to blame for the problem.
“Somehow in the near future, the two groups that are going to rally at opposite ends of town this week, have to go figure out a forum where they can sit down and figure out the answer to the forestry problem. Each group has got something vital to contribute to the solution. United as we were on the oil issue, we can solve this problem for ourselves. When the. TV cameras go on this weekend, let’s give them a big surprise.”[24]
Bingham’s thoughts were well intended, but he ought to have studied recent history more closely, because no matter how many times the Yellows repeated their mantra, that their primary concern was saving jobs preserving an existing local lifestyle, in actual practice they took their marching orders from those that had done the most to eliminate jobs and the lifestyle the timber workers so greatly feared losing. The Yellows shouted their message loudly in the form of large yellow posters which read “HELP SAVE OUR TIMBER JOBS, FAMILIES, COMMUNITIES, COUNTY, and our SUSTAINABLE FOREST: SOLIDARITY!” For their part, the Redwood Summer supporters did their part to spin the message more accurately by duplicating the “Solidarity” posters, except that theirs were colored green with the additional words, “Worker-Community Ownership; A Sustainable Forest Equals Sustainable Jobs. Join in Redwood Summer.”
It was easy for the “Greens” to frame the rhetoric of the “Yellows” as their own, because in reality the corporations simply used the latter for their own propaganda purposes, and while the corporations also professed concern for jobs, community, and the environment, their actual agenda set them far apart from the actual concerns of most of the rank and file supporters of the Yellow coalition. Jess Shoup attempted to illustrate the problem by noting the existence of a third color, in this case grey, to represent the capitalist class:
“No one seems to be understanding that there are three groups involved here in this timber issue. There’s the Yellow Ribbons (the loggers), the Green Ribbons (the environmentalists), and the Charcoal Gray (the Corporations).
“You loggers don’t have a voice to speak for you. Your union (and pension funds) got taken away and you haven’t yet formed a group. The only time you all get together is at functions where the Grays give you T-shirts and food, do their cheerleader acts up on the stage; and see how much rape and pillage they can do to the forest.
“They’re wanting to co-opt your movement (when you don’t even know you have one). Just like the big stores and corporations are trying to co-opt ours…
“The Charcoal Gray Ribbons buy into our businesses with their junk bond financing and hostile takeovers, strip our most valuable resource from us, treat workers as so much machinery, then declare bankruptcy and leave for parts unknown—ever so much richer. And we taxpayers pay it off—just like, we’re doing for the Savings and Loans! Amazing that we’re sitting still for this shit!
“You loggers don’t seem to understand—we’re on your side—it’s us against them—not us against each other.
“Most of you understand that their “replanting” scams are just that—thousands and millions of trees planted, and none of them watered. Most of you understand the wisdom of sustainable forestry practices. Most of you are horrified at what’s happening, but you don’t feel you can jeopardize your jobs and speak out. But what are you leaving to your children if you don’t speak out? Get together; let a group speak for you all.
“Stop being the Yellow Ribbon Coalition. Be the Yellows.
“We’re the Greens. We’re environmentalists and proud of it…”[25]
In fact, many supporters of Redwood Summer tried to counter the divide and conquer techniques used so heavily by the corporations, echoing Judi Bari’s analysis that the interests of timber workers and environmentalists were one and the same.[26]
In a letter to the Anderson Valley Advertiser, Bruce Hering compared the situation in Mendocino and Humboldt Counties to the Thirteen Colonies on the eve of the Revolutionary War of 1776. As Hering described it:
“The English crown of 1776 drained the resources of their colonies by ‘taxation without representation.’ The colonizers of 1990, L-P and G-P, drain us by overcutting our forest and exporting that wealth to their non-resident managers and stockholders, paying the ‘natives’ just enough to keep them alive.
“The Tories, those siding with the British in 1776, advocated a ‘don’t rock the boat’ attitude and would have allowed the draining of wealth to continue. These forces of compromise and sanity felt the benefits of being part of the kingdom were worth being sucked dry. Similarly, the ‘Tories’ of 1990 feel we should be thankful to our colonizers and allow them to continue their rapacious practices.
“The revolutionaries of 1776 decided it was time to cut loose and no longer be ruled by the Crown.
“The revolutionaries of 1990, the Earth First!ers and the like, are trying to break us loose from our timber company rule.”[27]
The Redwood Summer Coalition got a boost from the announcement that the Alameda County District Attorney would not continue to pursue charges against Bari and Cherney. Mike Roselle was convinced that the announcement would result in a larger turnout, saying, “There has been a tremendous cloud of suspicion over the whole event and many people were mistakingly convinced that (Bari and Cherney) were involved in criminal activities. It only helps to diffuse the atmosphere of fear and tension that covers the North Coast.”[28]
On Thursday, July 19, a picket planned to take place at the L-P mill in Ukiah to protest L-P’s outsourcing was cancelled.[29] The next day, however, Redwood Summer demonstrators gave informational presentations at the County Courthouse in town.[30] Green and Yellow factions geared for competing rallies in Fort Bragg, and merchants prepared for the predicted fallout.[31] The Yellow side kept up their rhetoric accusing the Greens for all of the ills that had been done to them and were about to follow (even though it was quite clear that the fault lay with corporate timber executives and the employing class). Anderson Valley Advertiser editor and publisher challenged the organizers of the counterdemonstration, specifically Don Nelson, Shep Tucker, Thomas Loop, Maribelle and Mike Anderson (who had no relation to Bruce Anderson), and Chris Rowney to a debate, none of whom accepted.[32] The night before the rally, on the McNeil Leher Report, gyppo logging contractor Jerry Philbrick perpetuated the myth Earth First! had been responsible for the Elk tree spiking incident that had ultimately led to George Alexander’s injury in the Cloverdale L-P mill three years previously. He also associated Earth First! with bombs, even though he had already admitted that this was not a likely scenario.[33] Fort Bragg Police Chief Tom Bickell raised his call for outside officers from 80 to 200 and predicted that the number of arrests on the coming Saturday could easily eclipse the 44 arrested at the Samoa demonstration.[34] Even G-P General Manager Lowell Ambrosini and Resource Manager, Ted Deer, in an open letter admonished their employees to avoid confrontations with the Redwood Summer demonstrators, specifically stating:
“If you encounter any protest activity, we urge you to remember Earth First!’s own rally cry: ‘The whole world is watching.’ Leave your tensions at home and keep cool. Let our message be that we can provide for America’s forest product needs and still have healthy productive forests…
…We will be expressing our view that honest human labor in partnership with nature helps meets America’s needs for shelter and countless other forest products.”[35]
Such words, coming from a corporation that had contributed so heavily to the destruction of both forests (and not just American ones) and jobs were essentially meaningless propaganda. The Redwood Summer coalition may as well have issued the same statement and it would have been more accurate. G-P executive David Odgers went one step further declaring, “We believe that one of (Earth First!’s) real goals is to provoke a reaction from individuals or companies in the timber industry in front of the national media.” [36] Considering that these same corporations were willing to associate with reactionary ideologues such as Pendley, whose comparisons of Earth First! to every political bogeyman imaginable, no matter how exaggerated should have made it obvious to all that G-P was no more interested in diffusing tension than they were about to start distributing the Earth First! Journal.
Notes:
[1] “Community Solidarity Movement Revs Up: Supporters Flock to Yellow Storefront”, by Judy Nichols, North Coast News, July 19, 1990.
[2] “California’s ‘Timber War’ Heats Up”, by Chuck Idelson and Tara Kramer, People’s Daily World, July 21, 1990.
[3] “Redwood Protest to Proceed on GP Turf: More Arrests Predicted Here Than at Samoa”, by Judy Nichols, North Coast News, July 19, 1990.
[4] “Community Solidarity Movement Revs Up: Supporters Flock to Yellow Storefront”, by Judy Nichols, North Coast News, July 19, 1990.
[5] “Hot Tubbin at Harry’s: Anna Marie Stenberg”, interview by Lynne Dahl, New Settler Interview, issue #54, December 1990.
[6] “Bari Vows to Resume Fight”, by Mike Geniella, Santa Rosa Press Democrat, July 18, 1990.
[7] “Redwood Protest to Proceed on GP Turf: More Arrests Predicted Here Than at Samoa”, by Judy Nichols, North Coast News, July 19, 1990.
[8] “Fort Bragg merchants Prepare for Protest”, by Tobias Young, Santa Rosa Press Democrat, July 17, 1990.
[9] Deal, Carl, The Greenpeace Guide to Anti-Environmental Organizations, Berkeley, CA., Odonian Press - The Real Story series, 1993, pages 100-01.
[10] “Logging Foes Deny They are Pawns”, by Tobias Young, Santa Rosa Press Democrat, July 14, 1990.
[11] “Community Solidarity Movement Revs Up: Supporters Flock to Yellow Storefront”, by Judy Nichols, North Coast News, July 19, 1990.
[12] “Triumph for the Redwoods: Powerful, Nonviolent Forest Rally”, by Richard Johnson, Mendocino Country Environmentalist, August 1, 1990.
[13] “Community Solidarity Movement Revs Up: Supporters Flock to Yellow Storefront”, by Judy Nichols, North Coast News, July 19, 1990.
[14] “Timber Supporters Organize to Preserve Their Way of Life”, by Will Behr, Mendocino Beacon, July 5, 1990.
[15] “Redwood Summer Appears in Fort Bragg Saturday: Frame Up Dropped”, by Bruce Anderson, Anderson Valley Advertiser, July 18, 1990.
[16] “Community Solidarity Movement Revs Up: Supporters Flock to Yellow Storefront”, by Judy Nichols, North Coast News, July 19, 1990.
[17] “Earth First!ers, Loggers Sign Nonviolence Pact”, by Will Behr, Ukiah Daily Journal, May 31, 1990.
[18] “Community Solidarity Movement Revs Up: Supporters Flock to Yellow Storefront”, by Judy Nichols, North Coast News, July 19, 1990.
[19] “Nobody’s Buying, Don”, letter to the editor by Redwood Rose, Anderson Valley Advertiser, July 4, 1990.
[20] “And then There’s the Lumberjacks: an Interview With Rick Evans”, by Lynne Dahl, Anderson Valley Advertiser, July 11, 1990.
[21] “And then There’s the Lumberjacks: an Interview With Rick Evans”, by Lynne Dahl, Anderson Valley Advertiser, July 11, 1990.
[22] “Seeds of Peace: Backbone of Support”, Press Release, Redwood Summer Earth First! Extra, Late July 1990.
[23] “Ellen Will Be There”, letter to the editor by Ellen Herrington, Anderson Valley Advertiser, July 18, 1990.
[24] “Which Side Are you On?”, by Nat Bingham, North Coast News, July 19, 1990.
[25] “A Letter to Loggers”, letter to the editor by Jess Shoup, Anderson Valley Advertiser, August 1, 1990.
[26] See for example, “Work Together”, letter to the editor by Barbara Harwood; “We All Will Pay”, letter to the editor by Jim Sears; and “Don’t Return Anger”, letter to the editor by Margo Gross, Mendocino Beacon, July 5, 1990.
[27] “July 4th Address”, letter to the editor, by Bruce Hering, Anderson Valley Advertiser, July 4, 1990.
[28] “No Bombing Charges: Evidence too slim against Bari, Cherney”, by Bleys W. Rose, Santa Rosa Press Democrat, Wednesday, July 18, 1990.
[29] “Navarro Ridge Arrests Go, Protest in Ukiah Canceled”, by Chris Calder, Ukiah Daily Journal, July 19, 1990.
[30] “Redwood Summer Timeline”, by Karen Pickett, Earth First! Journal, Samhain / November 1, 1990; and Richard Johnson, Mendocino Country Environmentalist, various issues from June 1, 1990 – October 1. 1990.
[31] “‘Summer’ Heating up in Fort Bragg: Activists, Timber Families Ready for Rallies”, by Bleys W Rose, Santa Rosa Press Democrat, July 15, 1990; “Fort Bragg Merchants Prepare for Protest”, by Tobias Young, Santa Rosa Press Democrat, July 17, 1990; “Groups Ready for Protests”, Willits News, July 18, 1990; “Timber Forces Ready for Rally: Community Solidarity Coalition Prepares Counter Demonstration”, by Will Behr, Mendocino Beacon, July 19, 1990; “Logging Opponents Ready Rallies”, by Chris Calder, Ukiah Daily Journal, July 20, 1990; “Thousands to Converge in Fort Bragg”, by Carrie Switzer, Willits News, July 20, 1990; and “Fort Bragg Braces for Twin Rallies”, by Bleys W Rose and Tobias Young, Santa Rosa Press Democrat, July 21, 1990.
[32] “Debate Challenge”, letter to the editor by Bruce Anderson, Mendocino Beacon, July 19, 1990.
[33] “Here and There in Mendocino County”, by Bruce Anderson, Anderson Valley Advertiser, July 25, 1990
[34] “Redwood Protest to Proceed on GP Turf: More Arrests Predicted Here Than at Samoa”, by Judy Nichols, North Coast News, July 19, 1990.
[35] “Leave Tensions at Home”, letter to the editor by Lowell Ambrosini and Ted Deer, Mendocino Beacon, July 19, 1990.
[36] “Redwood Protest to Proceed on GP Turf: More Arrests Predicted Here Than at Samoa”, by Judy Nichols, North Coast News, July 19, 1990.